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Victorian Era: This was the area of the reign of Queen Victoria of England. The Victorian Era was characterized by Victoria herself. It embodied home and family. Victoria was a devoted wife and mother of nine children. This was a time of strong moral and social values. It was an era in which beauty and decoration was highly valued. It was a time of gardens, large houses, and large families. The Great Exhibition in London boasted a crystal palace, extensive gardens, and many fountains. This was also an era of exploration and invention. In America exploration of a vast new country was taking place. The country was moving West annexing new territories. Texas became a republic during this time winning freedom from Mexico. Railroads were being built at alarming speeds. The ground work for modern technology was being laid. Charles Babbage designed his two difference engines during this time. They were early mechanical calculating machines. Ada Byron, Lady Lovelace, the daughter of the poet Lord Byron was a colleague of Charles Babbage. She became know as the first programmer with her work with Charles Babbage. This was certainly an era of invention. Charles Babbage also designed many other inventions such as the first cow catcher for the railroad and the skeleton key. Other modern conveniences such as electric light, telephones, photographic was under experimentation and invention at this time. mid 1800's Charles Babbage, Difference Engine 1 Designed in 1832 Difference Engine 2 Designed 1852. He also invented the Skeleton Key, the ophthalmoscope, the speedometer and the cow catcher. Ada Byron, Lady Lovelace,1815-1852, First Programmer, she wrote a plan of how the Difference Engine might be used to calculate Bernoulli numbers. This plan is now regarded as the first "computer program." Queen Victoria reigned from 1837 to 1901. Devoted wife and mother of nine children who happened to be Queen of England, she characterized the Victorian Era. John Hershel class Georg and Edvard Schuetz built their difference engine 1, 1843, and difference engine 2, 1853. Difference engine 1 was a prototype that produced the first machine calculated and printed tables. 1836 March Battle of the Alamo fought. April Treaty of Velasco and Republic of Texas formed. 1840 California Gold Rush started when gold was found at Sutter’s Mill. 1848 Karl Marx published his Communist Manifesto. 1851 Great Exhibition in London opened. This was similar to a World’s Fair and exhibited technologies, inventions, and art from around the world. 1851 New York Times was founded and started publishing 1860 -1865 American Civil War Please also indicate whether you have received permission yet for each graphic. Picture Young Queen Victoria. http://www.britainexpress.com/History/Young_Queen_Victoria.htm Permission received. Picture Charles Babbage and Difference Engine 1 and 2. http://www.cbi.umn.edu/exhibits/cb.html Permission Received. Picture of Ada Byron King, Lady Lovelace. http://www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be/~dirk/ada-belgium/pictures.html Picture of Crystal Palace which is The exhibition building for the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_Palace Permission covered under GNU Free documentation License. Bronze bust of Beethoven. This a picture of a sculpture that is for sale. http://www.portraitsculptures.com/noframes/MPnfr/Beethoven-mpnfr.html Permission received and wants link up. 2 colored pictures of gardens at Great Exhibition of 1851. http://www.victorianstation.com/palace.html Permission received Queen Victoria at coronation. http://www.victorianstation.com/queen.html Permission applied for. Scheutz sterotype Plate 1849: This exhibit is a modern example of the sterotype plate made in Germany about 1950. It was used to add and subtract columns of numbers before digital calculator. Permission by me I took the picture and I own it. Janice Skinner