Elements of design are things that are involved within making a design.
The term "Motion" is the element of art that deals with the creation of action. This element also known as movement portrays the act or process of changing place or direction, orientation and or position through the visual illustration of starting or stopping points, blurring of action etc. This is not animation, although animation is an end product of movement as well as other elements of design.
Motion Elements can rotate, bounce, roll, open/close, lift, lever, start/stop, incline.

This image of a trolley shows the properties of motion. It can roll, start or stop, incline and lift.

One of the ways we can show motion in art is to use repetition.

This next image of a ceiling fan is a repeated visual element that creates motion. A ceiling fan in motion is repeatedly rotating and makes a lively background while providing a cooling effect.

Motion in a visual image comes from all kinds of shapes, forms, lines and curves.

This image of a roof has diagonal lines that tend to create the illusion of motion. Diagonal line is more dynamic than a horizontal or vertical line. One can imagine what it feels like to fall or roll over the rooftop just like a falling object.

Similar shapes connected with each other or overlapping each other can imply movement.

This image of ties overlapping each other evokes a sense of motion. The way the ties are arranged gives motion to the piece.

Motion in a visual image occurs when objects seem to be moving in a visual image.

This image of poles does not physically move but have the appearance of motion. It brings to the imagination what it looks like to have a pile of poles rolling over each other.

Motion also creates a sense of power and strength, for instance the strength of a waterfall. The waterfall flows with a tremendous force or power and in a constant motion.

Motion symbolizes rest and relaxation. The movement of the cloud and water brings a feeling of rest and peace in this image.

Changes in direction can also create a sense of motion. The time clock that continuously changes its direction as it moves round the timeline shows motion.

There is motion everywhere around us. If you look up, you can view the cloud in motion, human beings walking around the street, the cars on the road, the bird flying in the air, creeping insects and so on. This is the picture of the cloud.

Online Examples

I found the work of two Mississippi artists, Walter Anderson and James Seawright from Walter Anderson Museum. Both artists explored the elements of space, time and energy as components in movement and in painting, drawing and sculpturing.

Jimmy-watercolor on paper c.1952
http://www.walterandersonmuseum.org/motion.htm

Anderson's work has the strong element of fluidity and well-defined spatial sense, which is coupled with his remarkable use of voluminous line. The Watercolor of a young boy called jimmy displays a young boy that swings his arm and his body pivots toward the viewer. His movement has a graceful ballistic quality.

The Yamte-ryu written by Fredrick J. Lovret
http://www.chicagobudokai.com/yamate-ryu.htm

Aikijutsu is an unarmed combat art derived from the movement and techniques of Japanese swordsmanship. Its origin has been traced to the twentieth century family art of Minanoto clan. Motion in the art is almost entirely circular and the techniques are divided into two major categories: Projections and Immobilization.

Bibliography:

Visual Literacy.
http://vlo.educ.kent.edu

Graphic Design Basics:
http://www.graphicdesignbasics.com

Simpson, J. W. (1988). Creating Meaning Through Art. New York: Prentice Hall.